Improving trace­abil­i­ty of critical raw materials in Africa: challenges and policy rec­om­men­da­tions

This study explores how traceability systems can improve responsible sourcing and supply chain transparency for critical raw materials, especially in African upstream mining. It compares industrial and artisanal mining approaches, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of integrating artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) into formal traceability frameworks. The paper emphasizes the importance of interoperability, technological innovation, and the role of both state and non-state actors in enforcing compliance. Recommendations include enhancing coordination among initiatives and ensuring traceability systems are inclusive, effective, and adaptable to diverse mining contexts.

Source: adapted from European Parliament Think Tank, July 2025.