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ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169)

It protects the rights of Indigenous and tribal peoples by ensuring their participation in decisions affecting them, especially regarding land, resources, and culture. It requires governments to respect their identity, prevent discrimination, and promote their social and economic well-being.

What You Need to Know

Date of Adoption
27-Jun-89

ILO 169 is the binding international treaty dedicated specifically to the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples. Self-identification is a key criterion for determining applicability.

ILO C169 sets out four (4) basic principles as follows

  • Non-discrimination: Equal rights and protections for indigenous peoples.
  • Cultural integrity: Respect and protection of indigenous customs, laws, and institutions.
  • Right to decide development priorities: Indigenous peoples must be involved in decisions affecting their lives and lands.
  • Consultation and participation: Governments must consult indigenous peoples through their representative institutions and in good faith.

Who is bound

The Convention became legally binding in 1991 and applies only in those countries that have ratified it (currently 24). You can view the full list of ratifying countries [here].

Ratifying states must submit reports to the ILO on implementation.

More about this regulations

International due diligence instruments referenced
Company Size
Material / commodity focus
Geografical focus

Issued by

International Labour Organization

Reviewed on September 2, 2025 by

Isadora Costa

EIT RawMaterials
Senior Project Officer Responsible Sourcing at EIT RawMaterials

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